Harut and Marut
Allah the Almighty says:
{They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman
(Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve,
but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon
to the two angels, Harut and Marut
but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so
disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us). "And from
these (angels) people learn that
by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by
Allah's Leave. And they learn that
which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for
which they sold their own selves, if
they but knew. And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better
would have been the reward from
their Lord, if they but knew!}. (Al-Baqarah, 102, 103)
Narrated Al-`Ufi in his interpretation on the authority of Ibn
`Abbas (May Allah be pleased with
him) pertaining to Allah's Statement {They
followed what the Shayatin (devils)
gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime
of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching
men magic and such things that came
down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such
things) till they had said, "We
are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us).”...}
When Sulaiman lost his kingdom, great
numbers from among mankind and the
jinn renegaded and followed their lusts. But, when Allah restored to Sulaiman his kingdom and the renegade came
to follow the Straight Path once again,
Sulaiman seized their holy scriptures which he buried underneath his throne. Shortly after, Sulaiman (Peace be
upon him) died. In no time, the men and
the Jinn uncovered the buried scriptures and said: This was a book revealed by Allah to Sulaiman who hid it from us.
They took it as their religion and Allah the
Almighty revealed His Saying: {And when
there came to them a Messenger from
Allah confirming what was with them, a party of those who were given the Scripture threw away the Book of Allah
behind their backs as if they did not
know!}. (Al-Baqarah, 101) and they followed what the devils gave out, i.e. musical instruments, play and all
that blocks the remembrance of Allah.
Narrated Ibn
Abu Hatim: I was told by Abu Sa' id Al-Ashaj after Abu Usamah after Al-A' mash after Al-Minhal after
Sa'id Ibn Jubair after Ibn `Abbas (May Allah
be pleased with him) as saying: Asif was Sulaiman's
scribe. He knew the Greatest Name of Allah and used to write
what he was ordered to by Sulaiman, then,
bury it underneath the throne. After Sulaiman's death, the devils got it out and wrote between each two lines magical
and blasphemous things. They said: "this
is what Sulaiman used to apply and act upon." The ignorant among the people regarded Sulaiman as a disbeliever
and continued to insult him till Muhammad
(Peace be upon him) was sent with the Glorious Qur'an that reads:
{They
followed what the, Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman
(Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve,
but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}.
Narrated Ibn
Jarir: I was told by Abu As-Sa'ib Salamah Ibn Junadah As- Sawa'i after Abu Mu`awiyah after Al-A`mash
after Al-Minhal after Sa`id Ibn Jubair
on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) as saying: When Sulaiman wanted to answer the call
of nature or to make love with any of his
wives, he used to give his ring to a woman called Al-Jaradah. When Allah the Almighty wanted to afflict Sulaiman, he
gave his ring to that woman. Afterwards, Satan
came to her in the form of Sulaiman and took the ring from her. When Satan put the ring on, all mankind, the
jinn and Devils submitted to him. Then, Sulaiman
came seeking his ring from her and she said: "You are a liar, you are not Sulaiman." Thus, Sulaiman knew
that it was a test from Allah the Almighty. Upon
this, the devils were free to do whatever they wished. So, they wrote down books of black magic and blasphemy which
they buried underneath the throne of Sulaiman.
After Sulaiman's death, they uncovered these books and said to the people: Verily, Sulaiman used to prevail
with the help of these books.
Consequently, the people declared their innocence of Sulaiman and
declared him to be a disbeliever
till the advent of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) who came with the Qur'anic Verse that reads: {Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}. Then,
Ibn Jarir said: I was told by Ibn
Hamid after Jarir after Husain Ibn `Abdur Rahman after `Imran as saying: While we were with Ibn `Abbas (May Allah
be pleased with them), a man came and
Ibn `Abbas asked him: Where do you come from? The man said: from Iraq. Ibn `Abbas asked: which city? The man said:
Kufa. Ibn `Abbas asked: What is the
latest news there? The man said: I
left them talking about `Ali's departing
for them. Ibn `Abbas (May
Allah be pleased with him) said: how dare you say so! If we felt that (he is departing
us for the people of Kufa), we would not marry his women, or divide his properties among us. However, I
will tell you the truth: the angels
used to descend on the clouds and mention this or that matter decreed in the Heaven. The devils listen
stealthily to such a matter, come down to
inspire the soothsayers with it, and the latter would add to it one hundred
lies of their own. The people
believe in them and regard them trustworthy. Allah the Almighty informed Sulaiman with the matter and enabled him to
bury these lies under his throne.
After his death, one of the devils said: I can lead you to
Sulaiman's
dearest and most precious treasure. It is under his throne. Consequently, they uncovered it and said:
this is magic. Afterwards, it continued to
be copied and acted upon and what the Iraqi people practice nowadays is nothing but its remnants. Allah the
Almighty revealed: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of
the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman
(Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that
came down at Babylon to the two
angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these
two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by
learning this magic from us). " And
from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man, and his wife, but
they could not thus harm anyone
except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they
knew that the buyers of it (magic)
would have no share in the Hereafter}.
As-Sadiy said: Allah's Saying:
{They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic)
in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon).
Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}, i.e. the devils used to listen stealthily to
the talks of the angels concerning
what happens to those on earth: death, unseen matters or divine ordainments. Then, they come down to
inspire the soothsayers with it and the latter
would tell the people with it. The people believe in them and regard them trustworthy. Time after time, the soothsayers trusted the devils who later on used to add to each word one-hundred lies
of their own. The people started to write
down these matters and it circulated among the Children of Israel that the Jinn know the Unseen. Sulaiman moved
quickly and gathered all these writings and
put them in a chest and buried it under his throne. All the devils who tried to even approach the chest were burnt alive.
Sulaiman declared that he would behead
anyone who claims that the devils know the Unseen. After Sulaiman's death and that of the godly-scholars who knew it well, a devil came in the form of a human being to the people and said: I
will lead you to an everlasting treasure
that will never run out. He ordered them to dig under Sulaiman's throne and he took a side. He said to them: kill
me if you find nothing. They dug it and found
these writings. Thereupon, the devil said: Only with this magic, Sulaiman could overcome mankind,
the Jinn and birds. Then, he flew away. It was rumored and circulated that Sulaiman had
been a sorcerer. The Children of Israel kept
these writings and disputed with Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) regarding them. But Allah the Almighty
revealed to him His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave
out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime
of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the
Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}.
Narrated
Ar-Rabi' Ibn Anas: the Jews used to ask Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) about matters from the Torah, and every time
they ask
him,
Allah reveals to him that with which he defeats and overcomes them. Thereupon, they said: Muhammad knows what
has been revealed to us better than
we do! Then, they asked him about sorcery and Allah revealed His Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman
(Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve,
but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon
to the two angels, Harut and Marut}. And
He informed His Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) that the devils wrote a book about sorcery and soothsaying and
buried it under Sulaiman's throne.
Verily, Sulaiman was not knowledgeable about the Unseen. When he died, the devils got that magic out and deceived the
people by saying: this is the
knowledge which Sulaiman used to secretly keep from you. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) informed the
Jews of that narration and they went
out lowering their heads defeated and humiliated.
Mujahid said pertaining to Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin
(devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not
disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils)
disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut
and Marut}, the devils used to listen
stealthily to the discussions of the angels and add to what they heard two- hundred lies. Then, Sulaiman seized what
they wrote and after his death they regained
it and taught it to the people, it was nothing but blackmagic.
Sa'id Ibn
Jubair said: Sulaiman used to look for and capture the magic of the devils and keep it buried under his
throne. The devils could not reach it and thus
they inspired to the people that it is the knowledge with which Sulaiman
was able to overcome the Jinn,
the wind, etc., and that it is buried under his own throne. Afterwards, the people got it out and practiced
it. Later, the people of the
Hejaz said: Sulaiman used to practice sorcery. Upon this, Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of
Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not
disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at
Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut}. Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar said: when the devils knew of the death of Sulaiman, they wrote
down types of sorcery (magic) as thus:
to fulfill such and such matters, practice such and such (procedures). They gathered
all these in a book and sealed it with a ring bearing the inscription found on Sulaiman's ring and titled it
with: This is what was written by Asif Ibn Barkhiya
by order of King Sulaiman Ibn Dawud. Then, they buried it under the throne (of Sulaiman). After some time, the
Children of Israel got it out and said: Verily,
Sulaiman ruled over us only with this and they diffused sorcery among the people. When Prophet Muhammad (Peace be
upon him) mentioned Sulaiman Ibn Dawud
as one of the former Messengers sent by Allah the Almighty, the Jews in Madinah said: Amazingly Muhammad claims
that Sulaiman Ibn Dawud was a
Prophet, by Allah, he
was nothing but a sorcerer. Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {They followed
what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely
of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin
(devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic
and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two
(angels) taught anyone (such things)
till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And
from these (angels) people learn that
by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by
Allah's Leave. And they learn that
which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for
which they sold their own selves, if
they but knew).
Narrated Ibn
Jarir: I was told by Al-Qasim after Hussein Ibn Al-Hajjaj after Abu Bakr after Shahr Ibn Hawshab2
as saying: The devils used to write sorcery down
when Sulaiman was absent. "They wrote: whosoever wants to do such and such, he should stand facing the sun and
say such and such. And, whosoever wants
to do such and such, he should stand giving his back to the sun and say such and such." They wrote this in a
book titled: "This is what has been written by Asif Ibn Barkhiya by the order of King Sulaiman Ibn Dawud:
from the treasures of
knowledge." Then, they buried it under Sulaiman's throne. When Sulaiman died, Satan established himself
as an orator and said: "O people!
Sulaiman
was not a prophet; he was only a sorcerer! Go and seek his sorcery in his dwellings and luggage." And he
led them to the buried "treasure". The people said: "By Allah! Sulaiman was a sorcerer who subjected us
through his magic." The
believers from among them said: "Nay, he was a faithful Prophet."
When Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was sent and he mentioned Dawud and Sulaiman,
the Jews said: "Muhammad confounds
the truth with falsehood: he puts Sulaiman with the Prophets while
he was just a sorcerer who was carried by
the wind. Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed: {They followed what the
Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not
disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils)
disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut
and Marutbut neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such
things) till they had said, "We are
only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us). "And from these (angels) people learn
that by which they cause separation
between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms
them and profits them not. And indeed
they knew that the buyers of it
(magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves,
if they but knew}.
Narrated Ibn Jarir: I was told by Muhammad Ibn`Abdel A`la
As-San`ani that he was told by
Al-Mu`tamir Ibn Sulaiman who said: I heard ` Imran Ibn Jarir who narrated from Abu Majliz as saying:
Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) took from
every living creature a covenant. So when any person gets afflicted with anything, he (Sulaiman) asks Allah with
that covenant and the person recovers. Unfortunately,
the people added to this sorcery and magic and said: this is what Sulaiman Ibn Dawud used to act upon.
Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed His
Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin
(devils) gave out (falsely of the
magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did lot disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils)
disbelieved, teaching men magic and
such things that came town at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two
(angels) taught anyone (such things)
till they had said, "We are
only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from
us)." And from these (angels)
people earn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn
that which harms them and profits
them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And
how bad indeed was that for which
they sold their own selves, if they but knew}.
Narrated Ibn Abu Hatim: I was told by `Isam Ibn Rawwad after Adam
after Al-Mas`udi after Ziyad the freed slave of Ibn Mus` ab after Al-Hasan
pertaining to Allah's
Statement: {They followed what the
Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely
of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, as saying: one-third of poetry, one-third of sorcery
(magic), and one-third of soothsaying. And,
he said: I was told by AI-Hasan Ibn Ahmed after Ibrahim Ibn `Abdullah Ibn Bshshar Al-Wasiti after Surur Ibn
Al-Mughirah after `Abbad Ibn Mansur after Al-
Hasan pertaining to Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils)
gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, as saying: they were the
Jews who followed what they gave out in the
lifetime of Sulaiman (Peace be upon him). Prior to that the people knew sorcery, but it was only followed in the
lifetime of Sulaiman.
That was a
summary of the sayings and narrations of the godly earlier scholars concerning this and it is obvious
that there is no clear contradiction between
any of them, may Allah guide us all to the Right and Straight Path of His!
Allah's Statement: {They
followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out
(falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, i.e. the Jews who were given an earlier Divine
Scripture -gave their backs to it and rejected
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and followed {what the
Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic)},what the
Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely
of the magic), i.e. what was narrated and related
by the devils {in the lifetime of
Sulaiman (Solomon)}.
It is true that magic existed
before the time of Sulaiman Ibn Dawud (Peace be upon them) because magicians
were found in the lifetime of Musa (Moses) (Peace be upon him) and that Sulaiman
came after Musa (Peace be upon
them both). Allah the Almighty says: {Have
you not thought about the group of
the Children of Israel after (the time of) Musa (Moses)? When they said to a Prophet of theirs,
"Appoint for us a king and we will fight
in Allah's Way." He said, "Would you then refrain from
fighting, if fighting was prescribed
for you?" They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's Way while we have been driven out of our homes and
our children (families have been
taken as captives)?" But when fighting was
ordered for them, they turned away, all except a few of them. And Allah is All-Aware of the Zalimun
(polytheists and wrong-doers)}. (Al- Baqarah,
246) then, Allah mentioned the story in which, {and Dawud (David) killed
Jalut (Goliath), and Allah gave him [Dawud (David)] the kingdom [after the death of Talut (Saul) and
Samuel] and Al-Hikmah (Prophethood),
and taught him of that which He willed}. (Al-Baqarah, 251) and, the people of Salih who existed
before Ibrahim (Peace be upon him) said
to their Prophet Salih: {You are only of
those bewitched!}. (Ash-Shu' ara',
153)
Allah the Almighty says: {and
such things that came down at Babylon to
the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had
said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve
not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they
cause separation between man and his
wife), i.e. the Jew falsely claimed that Allah Almighty revealed magic on the tongues of Gabriel and
Michael to Sulaiman Ibn Dawud, but Allah belied them and showed their falsehood.
Moreover, Allah informed His Messenger
Muhammad (Peace be upon him) that neither Gabriel, nor Michael has descended with magic and He declared
the innocence of Sulaiman (Peace be upon
him) from sorcery and black magic. Allah told the whole people that magic is nothing but the work of devils who
teach it to the people in Babylon. And, that
the two men who used to teach it to the people there were called Harut
and Marut.
The Related Hadith (And Comments)
Narrated Imam
Ahmed (May Allah rest his soul) in his Musnad: I was told by Yahya Ibn Bakir after Zuhair Ibn Muhammad
after Musa Ibn Iubair after Nafi after
`Abdullah Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) that he heard Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) as
saying: "When Adam (Peace be
upon
him) was put down on earth, the angels said: 0 Lord! {Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and
shed blood, -while we glorify You
with praises and thanks and sanctify You}. (Al-Baqarah, 30) They continued: Our Lord! We obey You more than
man does. Allah the Almighty said to
them: Appoint two angels from amongst you to descend to earth. The angels said: Our
Lord! (We chose) Harut
and Marut. They went down to
earth where the flower appeared to them in the form of
the most beautiful woman on earth. They
asked her to have sexual intercourse with them. But, she said: only after you disbelieve in Allah. They refused and
she went away for a while. Then, she came
back holding a child in her arms and they asked her for the second time.
She said: first, you must kill this boy. They refused to and she
went away for a while and then, came
back holding a glass of wine. They asked her for the third time. She said: First, you must drink
this glass of wine. They drank the wine, committed
adultery with her and finally killed the boy. When they restored their conscience, the woman said: By Allah!
After you had drunk the wine, you committed
all that which you refused to do at first. Thereupon, they were given the choice between receiving the torment
of this like or that of the Hereafter.
They' chose
that of the present life."
(Narrated by Imam Ahmed) The same was narrated by Abu Hatim Ibn
Hibban in his Sahih after Al-Hasan
after Sufyan after Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Shaibah after Yahya Ibn Bakir. However, this Hadith is an Unfamiliar3
one from this Chain of Transmission.
All its narrators are trustworthy but the one named Musa Ibn
Iubair.
Very Important:
Many scholars and transmitters
narrated various stories and narrations pertaining
to the story of Harut and Marut, but all the details they mentioned could be traced
down to the narrations made by the
Children of Israel. However, there is not a single Hadith or Narration that can be traced down to
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him),
the infallible one who says nothing but the truth. In addition, the text of the Glorious Qur'an does not relate this
story in details, and thus we believe in what is mentioned in the Glorious
Qur'an as it is without any increase or decrease. Finally, Allah knows best!
Allah Almighty says: {But
neither of these two taught anyone (such things)
till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us) "}, Ibn
'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
they used to warn anyone who came to them to learn magic and say to
3 The Unfamiliar Hadith: That is narrated only by one narrator even if he were in one class.
Many scholars name
the Unfamiliar Hadith
as (the Single).
(Translator)
him: {We are only for trial,
so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from
us)}, that they knew what is good, bad, belief and disbelief and thus they knew that magic is of disbelief. Ibn
'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) continued:
if they could not dissuade him, they told him to go to such and such place. There he could find Satan who
teaches him. The same time one is taught magic,
his belief (symbolized as light) gets out of his body and he could see it flying away in the sky. Upon this, he
would say: woe to me! In addition: Al- Hasan
Al-Basri said: the two angels were sent with magic to teach the people as a test for them and Allah took their
covenant that they do not teach anybody
{till
they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)"}. (Narrated by Ibn Abu Hatim)
Narrated Qatadah: The Covenant was taken from them that they don't
teach anyone till they say: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not
(by learning this magic from us)}. Moreover,
As-Sadiy said: they used to warn anyone who
came to them to learn magic and say to him: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve
not (by learning this magic from us)}. But, if he insisted, they would say: Go to that pile of ashes and
"squeeze the lemon thereon". If the man goes and does what he was ordered, he would see a light coming
out of that ashes and flies till it
reaches the sky -verily, this is belief. Instead, there would come a black object that would look like
smokes and enters his ears and the whole
of his body -verily, this is Allah's Wrath. After that, the man tells them of what happened and they consequently
teaches him magic. This is the interpretation
of Allah's Saying: {But neither of these
two (angels) taught anyone (such
things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic
from us)." And from these (angels)
people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which
harms them and profits them not. And
indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed
was that for which they sold their own
selves, if they but knew}.
In the
interpretation of this Qur'anic Verse, Sunaid Ibn Hajjaj narrates after Ibn Juraij his saying: there is no one who
practices magic but a disbeliever. As for
the word "trial", it means a test and an ordeal. Some scholars found
a textual proof in this Verse that
whosoever practices magic; he becomes a disbeliever.
This is supported by the Prophetic Hadith that has been narrated by
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar after
Muhammad Ibn Al-Muthanna after Mu'awiyah after Al- A'mash after Ibrahim after Hammam on the authority of 'Abdullah
as saying: "Whosoever attends
himself to (or comes to) a soothsayer or a magician and believes in what he says: he will become a disbeliever in what
has been sent to Muhammad (Peace be
upon him) ". (An Authentic
Hadith)
Allah the Almighty says: {And
from these (angels) people learn that by which
they cause separation between man and his wife}, i.e. the people learns from Harut and Marut the magic by
which they cause separation between man
and his wife though they (the man and his wife) have some kind of affinity and passion. This is caused by cunning of
the devils as transmitted in Imam Muslim's
Sahih from the Hadith narrated by Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Iblis
places his throne upon water; he then sends detachments
(for creating dissension); the nearer to him in rank are those who are most notorious in creating dissension.
One of them comes and says: I did so and
so. And he says: You have done nothing. Then one amongst them comes and says: I did not spare so and so until
I sowed the seed of discord between a husband
and a wife. The Satan goes near him and says: 'You have done well. "Al-A'mash said: "He then
embraces him." The dissension between a husband and his wife can be created through magic in that the devil let
each one of them imagine something
bad -a view, or manner, etc. -about the other.
Allah the Almighty says: {But
they could not thus harm anyone except by
Allah's Leave}, Abu Sufyan Ath-Thawri said: they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Decree. In
addition, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said: they could
not thus harm anyone except in case Allah enables them to do so.
Al-Hasan
Al-Basri (May Allah be pleased with him) said: {But they could not thus harm
anyone except by Allah's Leave}, i.e. whomsoever Allah wants to be affected, he will be affected.
And, whomsoever Allah does not want to
be affected, he will not be affected. In addition, they cannot harm anyone except by Allah's Leave and Decree.
Allah the Almighty says: {And
they learn that which harms them and profits
them not}, i.e. they learn that which harms their religion and faith and profits them not. Allah says: {And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the
Hereafter}, i.e. the Jews who took magic
instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) knew that anyone who did as what they have done, he
would have not share in the Hereafter.
Allah Almighty says: {And how bad indeed
was that for which they sold their
own selves, if they but knew. And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah,
far better would have been the reward
from their Lord, if they but knew!}, that
they took magic instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would
have been the reward from their Lord}
, i. e. if they had believed in Allah and His Messengers and did not violate His Boundaries, they would have
received a far better reward from Allah Almighty.
This is compatible with Allah's Saying that reads: {But those who had been given
(religious) knowledge said: "Woe to you! The Reward of Allah (in the Hereafter) is better for those who believe and
do
righteous good deeds, and this none shall attain except those who
are As Sabirun (the patient in
following the truth) "}. (Al-Qasas, 80)
Some scholars
found textual proof that a magician is a disbeliever in the Qur'anic Verse that reads: {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty
to Allah}. Other scholars viewed that
a magician is not a disbeliever, but his neck must be cut off. `Amr Ibn Dianr narrated from Bajabla Ibn `Abdah as
saying: `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered every
magician and witch to be killed. Thereupon, they killed three witches. In addition, it is true that the Mother of
the Faithful, Hafsah was bewitched by a maid.
Consequently, Hafsah ordered that she had to be killed. Moreover, Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal said: it was transmitted
from three of the Prophet's Companions
that a magician must be killed. Besides, At-Tirmidhi narrated from Isma'il Ibn Muslim after Al-Hasan after
Jundub Al-Azdi as saying: Allah's Messenger
(Peace be upon him) says: "The Prescribed Penalty set for a magician is a
blow with the sword.”
It was narrated that Al-Walid Ibn 'Uqbah had a magician
who used to make shows before him.
He used to cut off a man's head, then calls it to get back
to its proper place. The people said: Glory be to Allah! The magician revives the dead. However, a man from the pious
migrants saw him and intended something.
The next day he came and cut the magician's head and said: if he is truthful, he can revive himself! And, he
recited Allah's Statement that reads:
{Will
you submit to magic while you see it}. (Al-Anbiya', 4) Consequently, Al-Walid raged because the migrant did not
ask for his permission first (to kill the magician),
he imprisoned him for a while, then set him free. Allah knows best!
Imam Abu Bakr
Al-Khallal said: One of the princes used to have a magician who makes shows of his magic and one day Jundub
came and killed him saying: I
believe he was a magician.
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